Exploring entrepreneurial orientation in an emerging economy

This study examines the innovation process through the interrelationships of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) dimensions in an emerging economy. Using a five-point Likert scale, we adopt a survey approach to measure individuals’ EO dimensions and explore the relationship between proactiveness, risk-taking, motivation, and innovation outcomes. We test our hypotheses using a sample of 466 individuals in Kuwait. Survey data are analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and a partial least squares approach. The results indicate that proactiveness and motivation positively relate to risk-taking. In addition, we find that our mediating variable, risk-taking, directly impacts innovation. The is an indirect effect of motivation and proactiveness on innovation, through risk-taking. These findings shed light on the interrelationships among different dimensions within the EO framework, pathways towards innovation, and provide meaningful insights for promoting innovation outcomes.