The Verse Numbering Systems of the Qura'an: A Statistical and Literary Comparison

This article compares the seven verse numbering systems of the Qur'an recorded in classical sources: Medina I, Medina II, Mecca, Damascus, Hims, Basra, and Kufa. It compares them statistically to determine the possibility of genetic relationships, the incidence of variation and the typical causes, and whether any of the systems might be considered more reliable than the others. It also compares a number of cases from a literary perspective. The article next suggests a scenario as to how the Kufan system became dominant and concludes with a preference indicated for Medina I.